Active voice Vs Passive voice

		Active voice  Vs  Passive voice
Outcome: By the end of the lesson you will be able to use Simple Past Passive to talk about the news
Analize the picture and the sentences Active: Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah. Passive: The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes. Roam: wander around a place(deambular, vagar) What country is the Savannah located in? The savannah is a grassland biome found worldwide in the areas near the equator. Savanna grasslands cover half of the African continent, including the Serengeti Plains of Tanzania, perhaps the world's most famous savanna. Savannas also cover portions of northern Australia, India, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:          ACTIVE VOICE                                           PASSIVE VOICE  Sara mailed the letter yesterday            The letter was mailed by Sara yesterday               verb                                                         verb be auxiliary + past participle   ACTIVE PASSIVE In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb. Use the active form of a verb to focus on the “doer” or cause of the action.     One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.   Use the passive form to focus on the “receiver” of the action. These example shows that the subject is  doing the verb's action. v The man must have eaten five hamburgers      The man (subject) is doing the eating (verb). Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed. v Five hamburgers must have been eaten by the man.     Five Hamburgers (subject) are being eaten (verb) Example: Example: 1.  A student found a bag on a bus. 2.  The authorities close the airport. 3.  A teenager has seen two bears in a yard. 4.  The accident didn’t injure the passengers. 1.   A bag was found on a bus. 2.   The airport is closed by the authorities. 3.   Two bears have been seen in a yard. 4.   The passengers weren’t injured. Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice. Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice. PAIR WORK: Analize this chart. ACTIVE VOICE: At each concert, the soprano sang at least one tune from a well-known opera.                                                     doer of action action Receiver of action  PASIVE VOICE: At each concert, at least one tune from a well-known opera WAS SUNG by the soprano.                                                                      receiver of action                               action            doer of action  Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. Example: Books are made of paper. In the example above, the focus is on the fact that books are made of paper. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: Example: Shoes are made of leather. In this case, I focus on the fact that shoes are made of leather, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You make shoes.) Form of Passive Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle  Example: Erasers are made of rubber. Tense Subject Verb Object Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter. Passive: A letter is written by Rita. Examples of Passive with other tenses and aspects  Tense Subject Verb Object Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter. Passive: A letter is written by Rita. Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter. Passive: A letter was written by Rita. Present Perfect Active: Rita has written a letter. Passive: A letter has been written by Rita. Future I Active: Rita will write a letter. Passive: A letter will be written by Rita. Hilfsverben Active: Rita can write a letter. Passive: A letter can be written by Rita. Examples of Passive  Tense Subject Verb Object Present Progressive Active: Rita is writing a letter. Passive: A letter is being written by Rita. Past Progressive Active: Rita was writing a letter. Passive: A letter was being written by Rita. Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter. Passive: A letter had been written by Rita. Future II Active: Rita will have written a letter. Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita. Conditional I Active: Rita would write a letter. Passive: A letter would be written by Rita. Conditional II Active: Rita would have written a letter. Passive: A letter would have been written by Rita. Passive Sentences with Two Objects  Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on. Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2 Active: Rita wrote a letter to me. Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita. Passive: I was written a letter by Rita. . As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped. Personal and Impersonal Passive Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive. Example: They build houses. – Houses are built. Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive. Example: he says – it is said Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know). Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men. Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common. Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men. The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped). Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence. Exercises Exercises on Passive (Form) Exercise on Passive with Simple Present  Exercise on Passive with Simple Past  Exercise on Passive with Present Perfect  Exercise on Passive with Future I  Exercises on Passive (Active → Passive) Exercise on Passive with Simple Present  Exercise on Passive with Simple Past  Exercise on Passive with Present Perfect  Exercise on Passive with Future I  Exercise on Passive with Auxiliary Verbs  Mixed Exercise on Passive with Passive  Sentences with 2 Objects (Indirect Object, Personal Passive)  (neu) Sentences with 2 Objects (Direct Object)  (neu) Personal Passive (verbs of perception)  (neu) Exercise on Passive with Present Progressive  Exercise on Passive with Past Progressive  Exercise on Passive with Past Perfect  Exercise on Passive with Future II  Exercise on Passive with Conditional I  Exercise on Passive with Conditional II  Exercises on Passive (Active or Passive) Exercise on Simple Present  Exercise on Simple Past  Exercise on Present Perfect  Exercise on Future I with will  Exercise – The Statue of Liberty  (neu) Exercise – Portal Dolmen  (neu) Summary – The Fellowship of the Ring, part 2, part 3  Grammar in Texts Show Passive Voice in „The Canterville Ghost“  Grammar Exercise on „Washington, DC“  Show Passive Voice in „History of Snowboarding“  Tests on Passive Tenses Active and Passive